温垟垟
赣南医科大学第一临床医学院
摘要(Abstract):
支气管扩张症(支扩)是一种以气道不可逆性扩张为特征的慢性呼吸道疾病,黏液纤毛清除功能障碍导致的痰液潴留是其病情恶化的核心环节。气道廓清技术(ACT)作为非药物治疗的基石,通过物理方式促进痰液排出,在改善症状、减少急性加重方面具有明确价值。本文系统回顾了主动循环呼吸技术(ACBT)、呼气正压(PEP)、高频胸壁振荡(HFCWO)等主流ACT的作用原理与操作要点,重点阐述了其在支扩治疗中的最新循证医学进展、不同技术的比较优势、依从性挑战与提升策略,以及吸入治疗的辅助作用。同时,分析了当前研究在方法学异质性、长期疗效证据等方面的局限,并对未来研究方向,如精准化、数字化和结合表型治疗进行了展望。
关键词(KeyWords):
支气管扩张;气道廓清技术;黏液纤毛清除;主动循环呼吸技术;高频胸壁振荡;依从性
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