张 波
赣南医科大学
摘要(Abstract):
破伤风作为疫苗可预防的致死性疾病,全球仍存在显著疾病负担,尤其在东南亚等地区及成人高危人群中流行。目前成人破伤风诊断主要依赖临床表现,典型三联征是核心诊断依据,但非典型表现易导致诊断延迟与误诊,且缺乏标准化实验室检测支撑。现有实验室检测存在诸多局限,血清抗毒素抗体诊断临界值未统一,伤口培养敏感性极低,CRP、PCT等炎症指标的特异性诊断价值未获证实。破伤风预后评估依赖并发症早期识别,然针对性生物标志物研究不足,死亡率受基础健康状况等非实验室因素影响较大。未来需通过多中心研究验证诊断标准、开发人工智能辅助系统及挖掘新型生物标志物,建立成人特异性诊断体系,突破诊断瓶颈,提升诊断准确性与预后管理水平。
关键词(KeyWords):
破伤风;成人破伤风;实验室诊断;生物标志物
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