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脑网络成像与人工智能在自闭症谱系障碍中的应用进展

王淑贞1 王思寒1 王宗晓2 孔 钰3*

1.济宁医学院临床医学院 2.济宁医学院医学影像与检验学院 3.济宁医学院附属医院医学影像科

摘要(Abstract):

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种高度异质性的神经发育障碍性疾病,其神经机制尚不明确。传统行为学诊断方法存在主观性强、特异性不足等局限,而单模态神经影像研究难以全面捕捉ASD的复杂病理特征。有研究发现ASD的核心神经特征表现为大脑结构与功能连接网络的异常。脑网络影像技术与人工智能(AI)的深度融合将ASD的研究超越单一脑区定位的局限,通过揭示全脑网络连接模式及其动态演化规律,从系统水平分析ASD的神经机制。本文系统综述了脑网络影像学与人工智能(AI)技术在ASD应用中的研究进展,深度剖析了当前研究面临的数据异质性、纵向研究缺乏、多组学融合不足及算法可解释性有限等挑战,探讨未来发展的前沿方向,为推动ASD的精准诊疗提供科学框架。


关键词(KeyWords):

自闭症谱系障碍;脑网络影像;人工智能;机器学习;深度学习


参考文献(References):

[1]Janelle L ,Tawny T ,Lisa J ,et al.Altered lateralization  of dorsal language tracts in 6-week-old infants at risk for autism. [J].Developmental science,2019,22(3):e12768. 

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[3]Haruhisa O ,Y Y A ,Takashi I , et al.White matter alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in relation to sensory profile. [J].Molecular autism,2020,11(1):77-77. 

[4]S B P ,Jiaqi L ,Louis D ,et al.Using tissue microstructure and multimodal MRI to parse the phenotypic heterogeneity and cellular basis of autism spectrum disorder. [ J ] .Journal of child psychology and psychiatry , and allied disciplines , 2021 , 63 (8):855-870. 

[5]Jessica B ,S C D ,N C K , et al.Central Executive and Default Mode Networks: An Appraisal of Executive Function and Social Skill Brain-Behavior Correlates in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. [ J ] .Journal of autism and developmental disorders,2023,54(5):1882-1896.


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