沈 上

纽约州律师协会

摘要(Abstract)：

为建设基础能源设施，美国政府有时将土地征收权授予私人公司以开展相关工程，这类行为被称为“能源征收”。自美国最高法院在Kelov.CityofNewLondon一案中认定，为经济再开发而行使征收权符合《美国宪法》第五修正案，“公共用途”的含义不断扩张。能源征收是否符合宪法中对征收权的合法行使？本文试图回答上述问题，并从宪法、环境及对少数族裔影响的三个视角审视能源征收的正当性。本文认为，能源征收属于对征收权的有效行使，很可能满足美国宪法中对“公共用途”的要求。然而，基于“公平市场价值”的经济赔偿，可能不足以补偿土地所有人。随着能源目标的演变，美国政府应当将征收权作为一项政策工具，以激励可再生能源的发展。

关键词(KeyWords)：

能源征收；征收权；公共用途；公平市场价值；可再生能源

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